第一段
bemoan
to complain or express sadness about something 抱怨；悲叹
(资料图片)
Researchers at universities are always bemoaning their lack of funds.
大学里的研究人员总是抱怨资金不足。
wayward
doing only what you want and often changing your behaviour in a way that is difficult to control （尤指某人的行为）反复无常的，任性的，难以管束的
attributable
caused by 归因于…的；由于…的
Do you think that these higher-than-average temperatures are attributable to global warming? 你认为这种较正常水平偏高的气温是全球变暖引起的吗？
jubilant
feeling or expressing great happiness, especially because of a success （尤指因成功而）欢欣的，喜气洋洋的
The fans were jubilant at/about/over their team's victory.
球迷们为他们的队伍获胜而欢欣雀跃。
gusto
great energy, enthusiasm, and enjoyment that is experienced by someone taking part in an activity, especially a performance （尤指对参加表演的）兴致勃勃，热情Everyone joined in the singing with great gusto.
每个人都兴致勃勃地加入到合唱中。
vulgar
not suitable, simple, dignified or beautiful; not in the style preferred by the upper classes of society 粗俗的；庸俗的；不雅的
Isn't it rather vulgar to talk about how much money you earn?
谈论挣多少钱难道不庸俗吗？
hijinks informal (US also hijinks)
energetic and excited behaviour in which people do funny things or play tricks on someone 狂欢作乐，嬉闹
soundtrack
the sounds, especially the music, of a film, or a separate recording of this 电影声迹；（尤指）电影配乐；电影原声音带
The best thing about the movie is its soundtrack.
这部电影最成功的地方就是它的配乐。
stringent
having a very severe effect, or being extremely limiting 严重的；严格的，苛刻的
The most stringent laws in the world are useless unless there is the will to enforce them.
除非能够坚持严格执法，否则即使是世界上最严苛的法律也毫无用处。
第二段
dementia
a medical condition that affects especially old people, causing the memory and other mental abilities to gradually become worse, and leading to confused behaviour （尤指老年性）痴呆The most common form of dementia is Alzheimer's disease.
最常见的痴呆病是阿尔茨海默氏症。
playwright
a person who writes plays 剧作家
mediocre disapproving
not very good 普通的，平庸的，不够好的
The film's plot is predictable and the acting is mediocre.
这部影片的情节都能猜得到，演员的演技也不够好。
vendetta
a long and violent argument between people or families, in which one group tries to harm the other in order to punish them for things that happened in the past 世仇；族间血仇；宿怨He saw himself as the victim of a personal vendetta being waged by his political enemies.
他觉得自己成了政敌挑起的个人积怨的牺牲品。
culminate in/with sth
If an event or series of events culminates in something, it ends with it, having developed until it reaches this point. 以…告终；达到…的顶点
My arguments with the boss got worse and worse, and finally culminated in my resignation.我和老板的争吵日益恶化，直到最终我决定换工作。
第三段
exuberance
the fact that plants are strong and growing quickly （植物）茁壮，茂盛
The flowering plant beds change from neatness to riotous multi-coloured exuberance.
花坛从起初的整整齐齐发展成五彩缤纷的盛况。
celibate
not having sexual activity, especially because you have made a religious promise not to （尤指因为宗教承诺）独身的，禁欲的，没有性生活的
第四段
vie present participle vying | past tense and past participle vied
to compete with other people to achieve or get something 竞争；争夺Six candidates are currently vying for the Democratic presidential nomination.
6名候选人目前正在争夺民主党的总统候选人提名资格。
animosity
strong dislike, opposition, or anger 仇恨；敌意；憎恶
Of course we're competitive, but there's no personal animosity between us.
我们固然是竞争对手，但我们之间并没有私怨。
reliant
needing a particular thing or person in order to continue, to work correctly, or to succeed 依赖的，依靠的
He's completely reliant on his wheelchair to get about.
他完全依靠轮椅出行。
patronage
the support given to an organization by someone 赞助，资助
The charity enjoys the patronage of many prominent local business people.
这家慈善机构获得了本地许多重要的商人的赞助。
premiere
the first public performance of a play or any other type of entertainment 首映，首演The world premiere of the opera will be at the Metropolitan Opera House in New York.
这部歌剧的世界首演将在纽约的大都会歌剧院举行。
第五段
malicious
intended to harm or upset other people 恶意的，恶毒的，意在伤人的
malicious gossip 用意歹毒的流言蜚语
downfall
(something that causes) the usually sudden destruction of a person, organization, or government and their loss of power, money, or health 衰败；倒台，垮台
In the end, it was the continual drinking that was his downfall.
不断酗酒最终搞垮了他的身体。
ignominy
public embarrassment 耻辱，侮辱
The incumbent party experienced the ignominy of total defeat in the last election.
执政党在上次选举中蒙受了大败的耻辱。
第六段
zesty
full of energy and enthusiasm 精力旺盛的；热情的
a zesty new musical 一场活力四射的新音乐剧
unwarranted
not having a good reason and therefore annoying or unfair 不合理的；不适当的
People need to be protected against such unwarranted intrusions into their private lives by journalists.
人们的私生活需要受到保护，免受新闻记者的无理侵犯。
shaky
not firm or strong 不稳定的；不坚固的；不结实的
I think you're on very shaky ground with that argument.
我觉得你那个论点相当站不住脚。
key
a set of musical notes based on one particular note 调，主音The song changes key halfway through.
歌曲在中间部分调子变了。
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